Pomegranates are a type of fruit that may have several health benefits. Some research has shown that pomegranates may have antioxidant effects, which may help to slow down the progression of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) and reduce the amount of cholesterol produced in the liver. Although it doesn't seem likely that pomegranates would cause side effects, they may cause allergic reactions or swelling of the mouth or throat. Prior to using pomegranates medicinally, make sure to talk to your healthcare provider about any other health conditions you have and any other medications you are taking.